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medieval worlds • no. 19 • 2023
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Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Austrian Academy of Sciences Press
A-1011 Wien, Dr. Ignaz Seipel-Platz 2
Tel. +43-1-515 81/DW 3420, Fax +43-1-515 81/DW 3400 https://verlag.oeaw.ac.at, e-mail: verlag@oeaw.ac.at |
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DATUM, UNTERSCHRIFT / DATE, SIGNATURE
BANK AUSTRIA CREDITANSTALT, WIEN (IBAN AT04 1100 0006 2280 0100, BIC BKAUATWW), DEUTSCHE BANK MÜNCHEN (IBAN DE16 7007 0024 0238 8270 00, BIC DEUTDEDBMUC)
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medieval worlds • no. 19 • 2023, pp. 141-162, 2023/11/30
The article explores narratives of the oath in the Histories of the post-Roman Frankish kingdom – the most enduring successor state of the Western Roman Empire – and how they reflect the increasing salience of the oath of fidelity for the constitution of legitimate political authority in that kingdom. It studies the ongoing work on the interpretation and function of the oath of fidelity from the Frankish kingdoms under the Merovingian dynasty (ca. 480-751 CE) to the early Carolingian rulers – from the establishment of the general oath of fidelity as the legitimizing basis of post-Roman rule to its increasing sacralization in the Carolingian period establishing a dualism of fidelity to God and the ruler, as is well documented in the formula fideles Dei et regis. As Paolo Prodi observed some time ago in his study on the Sacrament of Power (Il sacramento del potere), it was in the Carolingian period that the Christian church managed to establish its interpretative prerogative to define how oaths could be linked to claims to power. The study of histories written in the early medieval Frankish kingdom indicates that this was not a steady process of increasing ecclesiastical control over the interpretation of the oath, but should be seen as a more dynamic process in response to the intensified instrumentalization of the dualistic view of the oath by early Carolingian politics.
Keywords: Oath of fidelity, transformation of the Roman world (West), Frankish kingdoms, Merovingian period, Carolingian period, Gregory of Tours, Chronicle of Fredegar, Continuations of the Chronicle of Fredegar/Historia vel Gesta Francorum (Childebrand, Nibelung), Annales regni Francorum