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medieval worlds • no. 19 • 2023
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Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Austrian Academy of Sciences Press
A-1011 Wien, Dr. Ignaz Seipel-Platz 2
Tel. +43-1-515 81/DW 3420, Fax +43-1-515 81/DW 3400 https://verlag.oeaw.ac.at, e-mail: verlag@oeaw.ac.at |
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DATUM, UNTERSCHRIFT / DATE, SIGNATURE
BANK AUSTRIA CREDITANSTALT, WIEN (IBAN AT04 1100 0006 2280 0100, BIC BKAUATWW), DEUTSCHE BANK MÜNCHEN (IBAN DE16 7007 0024 0238 8270 00, BIC DEUTDEDBMUC)
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medieval worlds • no. 19 • 2023, pp. 195-215, 2023/11/30
Since the nineteenth century, historians have fundamentally considered the medieval town as a conjuratio, a sworn association of free and equal burghers. The oath does indeed appear to have been a crucial instrument capable of inspiring confidence in social relationships and of binding people to the city government. However, the analysis of oath practices actually highlights more than the cohesion of the political community: it reveals internal divisions and hierarchies. The first part of this article examines which oaths foreigners, burghers, clerics, noblemen, women or Jews had, or were allowed, to swear. The second part deals with the differences between the oath rituals in which these various socio-political groupings took part, in terms of gestures, wording or frequency. Finally, the article suggests the factors that made for the efficiency of the oath as a technique of government: its simplicity and adapt-ability to the progress of literacy.
Keywords: Oath, urban society, citizenship, Holy Roman Empire