• Walter POHL – Nina MIRNIG (Eds.) – Nadine LÖHR (Guest Eds.)

medieval worlds • no. 22 • 2025

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Exceptionally, volume 22 focuses on one topic only: the manuscript corpus from the period of Ilkhanid rule in Baghdad (13th and 14th century CE). Entitled The Mongols’ Baghdad: Knowledge Transmission through Manuscript Cultures before and after the Conquest, guest editors Bruno De Nicola and Nadine Löhr aim to challenge with this volume the well-established narrative of Baghdad’s cultural decline after the Mongol conquest of Baghdad in 1258 CE. They consider the corpus a valuable resource for reconstructing intellectual and cultural trends from a multidisciplinary perspective. Accordingly, focusing on legal, medical, astronomical, literary or theological texts, the case studies offer insights into a great variety of topics: the change in linguistic and literary interest of the ruling elites (B. De Nicola), the processes of editing, disseminating and canonisation (S. Kamola, T. Mimura), the resilience of theological networks (S. Brinkmann) and the continuity of legal scholarship (K. Ivanyi). The rich layers of marginal notes in two specific manuscripts are utilized by G. Gharib and N. Löhr: the one to trace the extent of manuscript destruction and continuity, the other to map the scholarly environment in which scientific traditions were maintained. From historical sources and surviving medieval buildings A. Petersen reconstructs which urban infrastructure may have persisted after Mongol conquest.

"medieval worlds" provides a forum for comparative, interdisciplinary and transcultural studies of the Middle Ages. Its aim is to overcome disciplinary boundaries, regional limits and national research traditions in Medieval Studies, to open up new spaces for discussion, and to help developing global perspectives. We focus on the period from c. 400 to 1500 CE but do not stick to rigid periodization.
medieval worlds is open to submissions of broadly comparative studies and matters of global interest, whether in single articles, companion papers, smaller clusters, or special issues on a subject of global/comparative history. We particularly invite studies of wide-ranging connectivity or comparison between different world regions.

Apart from research articles, medieval worlds publishes ongoing debates and project and conference reports on comparative medieval research.

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medieval worlds • no. 22 • 2025

ISSN 2412-3196
Online Edition

ISBN 978-3-7001-9754-6
Online Edition



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Austrian Academy of Sciences Press
A-1011 Wien, Dr. Ignaz Seipel-Platz 2,
Tel. +43-1-515 81/DW 3420, Fax +43-1-515 81/DW 3400
https://verlag.oeaw.ac.at, e-mail: bestellung.verlag@oeaw.ac.at
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Reading Ptolemy’s Almagest in the Ilkhanate. Remarks on Marginalia in Books I and II of Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī’s Taḥrīr al-Majisṭī

    Nadine Löhr

medieval worlds • no. 22 • 2025, pp. 227-254, 2025/07/01

doi: 10.1553/medievalworlds_no22_2025s227


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doi:10.1553/medievalworlds_no22_2025s227

Abstract

This paper examines a set of marginal annotations encountered in Ilkhanid manuscripts of Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī’s (d. 672/1274) Taḥrīr al-Majisṭī. This recension of Claudius Ptolemy’s prominent astronomical compendium, the Almagest, was composed while al-Ṭūsī resided at the Ismāʿīlī citadel of Alamūt and later studied at the Marāgha observatory under Mongol patronage; over time, it became the principal medium through which the Almagest was studied in the eastern Islamicate world, effectively replacing the uncommented base text. Today, the Taḥrīr al-Majisṭī survives in more than 170 Arabic manuscripts, as well as in Persian and Sanskrit translations, and through a rich body of summaries and super-commentaries. In this paper I wish to offer some observations on the kind and purpose of marginal annotations that were already present in copies of the Taḥrīr during al-Ṭūsī’s lifetime. I focus this analysis on the marginalia to Books I and II as they are transmitted through Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Rabīʿ al-Zarkashī, the scribe of the multiple-text manuscript Tehran, Sipahsālār, 4727, a copy finished on 21 Rajab 671 (11 February 1273). A transcription of these annotations, along with comparative references indicating their presence or absence in other
manuscripts, is provided in the appendix.

Keywords: Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī, Taḥrīr al-Majisṭī, Ptolemy’s Almagest, marginalia, Ilkhanid Persia, manuscript culture, knowledge transmission, astral sciences, textual reception, Arabic scientific tradition