• Walter POHL – Nina MIRNIG (Eds.) – Reinier LANGELAAR (Guest Ed.)

medieval worlds • no. 24 • 2026

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Stories are at the core of our summer 2026 volume. The thematic cluster, which gives this volume its title and cover illustration, presents origin narratives from 8th-century Japan all the way to early medieval Europe (guest editor: Reinier Langelaar). Its introductory article provides methodological approaches that allow these myths to be read as valuable evidence of historical identity formation. The ensuing seven case studies illustrate the variations and narrative strategies found in early medieval origin stories across Eurasia. Their recurring themes are outlined in the concluding comparative article, which also reflects on the narrative change of these tales. In the individual article section Christian Gastgeber opens the discussion of practical texts such as prognostics and handy tables for daily use, which circulated widely in the early Middle Ages and were regularly translated. Giving an overview of extant Greek and Latin material, he also provides text editions and translations. Using the example of the Sinbad/Seven Sages of Rome tradition, Emilie van Opstall develops a new tool for literary comparison to examine shared narratives in different cultural and linguistic contexts. Drawing on the metaphor of a kaleidoscope, her comparison of Greek, Hebrew, Arabic and Latin versions yields new insights into the similarities and differences between the societies that shaped these narratives.

medieval worlds is open to submissions of broadly comparative studies and matters of global interest, whether in single articles, companion papers, smaller clusters, or special issues on a subject of global/comparative history. We particularly invite studies of wide-ranging connectivity or comparison between different world regions.

Apart from research articles, medieval worlds publishes ongoing debates and project and conference reports on comparative medieval research.

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medieval worlds • no. 24 • 2026

ISSN 2412-3196
Online Edition

ISBN 978-3-7001-5407-5
Online Edition



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Ethnic Origin Narratives in Early Medieval Europe

    Walter Pohl, Pavlína Rychterová

medieval worlds • no. 24 • 2026, pp. 129-163, 2026/07/01

doi: 10.1553/medievalworlds_no24_2026s129


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doi:10.1553/medievalworlds_no24_2026s129


Abstract

In the first part, this article presents a concise overview of brief or longer passages in early and high medieval historiography that deal with ethnic origins, and their context, ranging from the relatively extensive accounts in Jordanes’ Getica and the Origo gentis Langobardorum or the Frankish myth of Trojan ancestry, to the scattered brief references about Burgundian origins, the different versions of Anglo-Saxon and Irish migration legends, and to Cosmas on the Bohemians and other accounts of the origins of the new kingdoms of eastern Europe. It then addresses some of the key questions of the often-controversial debates in recent research: Were these narratives mainly based on classical ethnography, and thus products of outside perceptions? To what degree could they reflect indigenous traditions? And what impact did they have on the cohesion of a group, a community, a people? The article argues that these legends should not be dismissed altogether as Roman literary fictions, but assessed individually for the amount of non-ethnographic elements they contain. Instead, it proposes not to place their creation into a binary between Roman literary fiction and authentic indigenous tradition. To a considerable extent, Romans and »barbarians« shared an ontology and an epistemology that relied on supernatural agency, genealogies including divine ancestors, and animal spirits. It was only Christianity that changed some of these paradigms. Therefore, what we can observe over time is a tendency by Christian writers to distance themselves, subvert or omit »barbarian« ontologies now considered as pagan. Still, even Christian clerics such as Paul the Deacon did include »ridiculous fables« about Germanic divinities in their texts, so they must have mattered to their audience.

Keywords: Early Middle Ages, origin myths, historiography, Goths, Longobards, Romans, ethnography, epistemology, ontology, identity