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medieval worlds • no. 24 • 2026
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Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Austrian Academy of Sciences Press
A-1011 Wien, Dr. Ignaz Seipel-Platz 2
Tel. +43-1-515 81/DW 3420, Fax +43-1-515 81/DW 3400 https://verlag.oeaw.ac.at, e-mail: verlag@oeaw.ac.at |
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DATUM, UNTERSCHRIFT / DATE, SIGNATURE
BANK AUSTRIA CREDITANSTALT, WIEN (IBAN AT04 1100 0006 2280 0100, BIC BKAUATWW), DEUTSCHE BANK MÜNCHEN (IBAN DE16 7007 0024 0238 8270 00, BIC DEUTDEDBMUC)
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medieval worlds • no. 24 • 2026, pp. 184-201, 2026/07/01
During the fourth to the ninth centuries, various peoples reached the western and eastern fringes of the Eurasian steppe, establishing their dominions as far as the Carpathian Basin and along the borders of Chinese territory. Here, the new neighbours of these peoples were confronted with a (semi-)nomadic culture in contrast to their own sedentary societies. Contemporary historiographers attempted to fit these mounted newcomers into their respective Weltordnung by explaining their cultures and beginnings, writing what modern scholarship now refers to as »origin stories«. Modern historiographical trends have demonstrated the various functions of these narratives in their religious, cultural and source contexts. However, few comparative, global studies have been attempted that analyse both Eastern and Western efforts to place steppe peoples’ history and society within their frames of reference. This article interrogates the potential of such a comparative approach in the study of steppe peoples’ origin stories to reveal both the interests of external authors as well as the traditions of the peoples from the Eurasian steppe. It focuses on the narratives that preface the majority of surviving ethnographic excursuses on steppe peoples in Latin, Byzantine and Chinese historiographies of the fourth to the ninth centuries, comparing them within a global setting to evaluate the contextual factors that shaped the sources such narratives are embedded within. While many common forms of motif exist within these sources, the comparison here focuses on the use of beasts as fantastical motifs. Through this methodology, this article endeavours to show that many of the key ingredients of these origin stories are not merely the author’s inventions, motivated by the derogatory desire to Other their neighbours as barbaric, but were also significant for the steppe peoples themselves, transcending cultural boundaries across Eurasia.
Keywords: Eurasian Studies; Medieval Historiography; Comparative Studies; Mentalities; Social History; Cultural History; Eurasian Steppe Peoples