• Walter POHL – Nina MIRNIG (Eds.) – Reinier LANGELAAR (Guest Ed.)

medieval worlds • no. 24 • 2026

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Stories are at the core of our summer 2026 volume. The thematic cluster, which gives this volume its title and cover illustration, presents origin narratives from 8th-century Japan all the way to early medieval Europe (guest editor: Reinier Langelaar). Its introductory article provides methodological approaches that allow these myths to be read as valuable evidence of historical identity formation. The ensuing seven case studies illustrate the variations and narrative strategies found in early medieval origin stories across Eurasia. Their recurring themes are outlined in the concluding comparative article, which also reflects on the narrative change of these tales. In the individual article section Christian Gastgeber opens the discussion of practical texts such as prognostics and handy tables for daily use, which circulated widely in the early Middle Ages and were regularly translated. Giving an overview of extant Greek and Latin material, he also provides text editions and translations. Using the example of the Sinbad/Seven Sages of Rome tradition, Emilie van Opstall develops a new tool for literary comparison to examine shared narratives in different cultural and linguistic contexts. Drawing on the metaphor of a kaleidoscope, her comparison of Greek, Hebrew, Arabic and Latin versions yields new insights into the similarities and differences between the societies that shaped these narratives.

medieval worlds is open to submissions of broadly comparative studies and matters of global interest, whether in single articles, companion papers, smaller clusters, or special issues on a subject of global/comparative history. We particularly invite studies of wide-ranging connectivity or comparison between different world regions.

Apart from research articles, medieval worlds publishes ongoing debates and project and conference reports on comparative medieval research.

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medieval worlds • no. 24 • 2026

ISSN 2412-3196
Online Edition

ISBN 978-3-7001-5407-5
Online Edition



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Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Austrian Academy of Sciences Press
A-1011 Wien, Dr. Ignaz Seipel-Platz 2,
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https://verlag.oeaw.ac.at, e-mail: bestellung.verlag@oeaw.ac.at
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Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them in the Eurasian Steppe: The Beast Motif in Origin Stories of Eurasian Steppe Peoples, 4th-9th Centuries

    Sandra Wabnitz

medieval worlds • no. 24 • 2026, pp. 184-201, 2026/07/01

doi: 10.1553/medievalworlds_no24_2026s184


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doi:10.1553/medievalworlds_no24_2026s184


Abstract

During the fourth to the ninth centuries, various peoples reached the western and eastern fringes of the Eurasian steppe, establishing their dominions as far as the Carpathian Basin and along the borders of Chinese territory. Here, the new neighbours of these peoples were confronted with a (semi-)nomadic culture in contrast to their own sedentary societies. Contemporary historiographers attempted to fit these mounted newcomers into their respective Weltordnung by explaining their cultures and beginnings, writing what modern scholarship now refers to as »origin stories«. Modern historiographical trends have demonstrated the various functions of these narratives in their religious, cultural and source contexts. However, few comparative, global studies have been attempted that analyse both Eastern and Western efforts to place steppe peoples’ history and society within their frames of reference. This article interrogates the potential of such a comparative approach in the study of steppe peoples’ origin stories to reveal both the interests of external authors as well as the traditions of the peoples from the Eurasian steppe. It focuses on the narratives that preface the majority of surviving ethnographic excursuses on steppe peoples in Latin, Byzantine and Chinese historiographies of the fourth to the ninth centuries, comparing them within a global setting to evaluate the contextual factors that shaped the sources such narratives are embedded within. While many common forms of motif exist within these sources, the comparison here focuses on the use of beasts as fantastical motifs. Through this methodology, this article endeavours to show that many of the key ingredients of these origin stories are not merely the author’s inventions, motivated by the derogatory desire to Other their neighbours as barbaric, but were also significant for the steppe peoples themselves, transcending cultural boundaries across Eurasia.

Keywords: Eurasian Studies; Medieval Historiography; Comparative Studies; Mentalities; Social History; Cultural History; Eurasian Steppe Peoples