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medieval worlds • no. 24 • 2026
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Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Austrian Academy of Sciences Press
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DATUM, UNTERSCHRIFT / DATE, SIGNATURE
BANK AUSTRIA CREDITANSTALT, WIEN (IBAN AT04 1100 0006 2280 0100, BIC BKAUATWW), DEUTSCHE BANK MÜNCHEN (IBAN DE16 7007 0024 0238 8270 00, BIC DEUTDEDBMUC)
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medieval worlds • no. 24 • 2026, pp. 202-220, 2026/07/01
The Turkic peoples have left behind numerous origin myths, ranging from the Gaoche/Tiele wolf legend to the Kazakh tale of Alasha Khan. This paper offers an overview and comparative study of these origin myths, classifying them into the narratives of three major Turkic groups: the early Turkic peoples of eastern Inner Eurasia, the medieval Turkic peoples of pre-Mongol Inner Eurasia, and the »Turko-Mongols« of the post-Mongol period. The comparative analysis shows that Turkic origin myths are marked by discontinuity, heterogeneity, historical oblivion, and external cultural influences. The famous wolf-descent origin myth of the early Türks, for example, was not inherited by later Turkic dynasties, demonstrating the absence of mythic continuity. Later dynastic narratives, influenced by Perso-Islamic and Mongol traditions, incorporated figures such as Afrāsiyāb, Dhū al-Qarnayn (Alexander the Great), Oghuz Khan, and Alan Qo’a – each emerging independently of one another. Ultimately, this study concludes that the »Turkic origin myth« should not be viewed as a single evolving mythological tradition but rather as a broad category encompassing the diverse and independent myths created by various Turkic-speaking peoples across time and space.
Keywords: Turko-Mongols, Timurids, Chinggisids, Japhethic tradition, Oghuz Khan narratives, Alan Qo’a myth, Afrāsiyāb